Testing strategies vary by country and over time,^[255] with some countries testing very widely,^[8] while others have at times focused narrowly on only testing the seriously ill.^[6] The country that tests only people showing symptoms will have a higher figure for "Confirmed"/"tested" than the country that also tests others.^[256] If two countries are alike in every respect, including which people they test, the one that tests more people will have a higher "Confirmed / population". Studies have also found that countries that test more, relative to the number of deaths, have lower estimated case fatality rates^[9] and younger age distributions of cases.^[11]

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COVID-19 testing statistics by country

Country or region	Date[a]	Tested	Units[b]	Confirmed (cases)	Confirmed / tested, %	Tested / population, %	Confirmed / population, %	Ref.
Afghanistan	17 Dec 2020	154,767	samples	49,621	32.1	0.40	0.13	[257]
Albania	18 Feb 2021	428,654	samples	96,838	22.6	15.0	3.4	[258]
Algeria	2 Nov 2020	230,553	samples	58,574	25.4	0.53	0.13	[259][260]
Andorra	23 Feb 2022	300,307	samples	37,958	12.6	387	49.0	[261]
Angola	2 Feb 2021	399,228	samples	20,981	5.3	1.3	0.067	[262]
Antigua and Barbuda	6 Mar 2021	15,268	samples	832	5.4	15.9	0.86	[263]
Argentina	16 Apr 2022	35,716,069	samples	9,060,495	25.4	78.3	20.0	[264]
Armenia	29 May 2022	3,099,602	samples	422,963	13.6	105	14.3	[265]
Australia	9 Sep 2022	78,548,492	samples	10,112,229	12.9	313	40.3	[266]
Austria	1 Feb 2023	205,817,752	samples	5,789,991	2.8	2,312	65.0	[267]
Azerbaijan	11 May 2022	6,838,458	samples	792,638	11.6	69.1	8.0	[268]
Bahamas	28 Nov 2022	259,366	samples	37,483	14.5	67.3	9.7	[269]
Bahrain	3 Dec 2022	10,578,766	samples	696,614	6.6	674	44.4	[270]
Bangladesh	24 Jul 2021	7,417,714	samples	1,151,644	15.5	4.5	0.70	[271]
Barbados	14 Oct 2022	770,100	samples	103,014	13.4	268	35.9	[272]
Belarus	9 May 2022	13,217,569	samples	982,809	7.4	139	10.4	[273]
Belgium	24 Jan 2023	36,548,544	samples	4,691,499	12.8	317	40.7	[274]
Belize	8 Jun 2022	572,900	samples	60,694	10.6	140	14.9	[275][276]
Benin	4 May 2021	595,112	samples	7,884	1.3	5.1	0.067	[277]
Bhutan	28 Feb 2022	1,736,168	samples	12,702	0.73	234	1.71	[278]
Bolivia	5 Jun 2022	4,358,669	cases	910,228	20.9	38.1	8.0	[279]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	27 Sep 2022	1,872,934	samples	399,887	21.4	54.7	11.7	[280]
Botswana	11 Jan 2022	2,026,898		232,432	11.5	89.9	10.3	[281][282]
Brazil	19 Feb 2021	23,561,497	samples	10,081,676	42.8	11.2	4.8	[283][284]
Brunei	2 Aug 2021	153,804	samples	338	0.22	33.5	0.074	[285]
Bulgaria	2 Feb 2023	10,993,239	samples	1,295,524	11.8	158	18.6	[286]
Burkina Faso	4 Mar 2021	158,777	samples	12,123	7.6	0.76	0.058	[259][287]
Burundi	5 Jan 2021	90,019		884	0.98	0.76	0.0074	[288]
Cambodia	1 Aug 2021	1,812,706		77,914	4.3	11.2	0.48	[289]
Cameroon	18 Feb 2021	942,685	samples	32,681	3.5	3.6	0.12	[259]
Canada	26 Nov 2022	66,343,123	samples	4,423,053	6.7	175	11.7	[290]
Chad	2 Mar 2021	99,027	samples	4,020	4.1	0.72	0.029	[259][291]
Chile	1 Feb 2023	48,154,268	samples	5,123,007	10.6	252	26.9	[292]
China[c]	31 Jul 2020	160,000,000	cases	87,655	0.055	11.1	0.0061	[293][294]
Colombia	24 Nov 2022	36,875,818	samples	6,314,769	17.1	76.4	13.1	[295][296]
Costa Rica	2 Nov 2021	2,575,363	samples	561,054	21.8	51.5	11.2	[297]
Croatia	2 Feb 2023	5,481,285	cases	1,267,798	23.1	134	31.1	[298]
Cuba	2 Feb 2023	14,301,394	samples	1,112,470	7.8	126	9.8	[299][300]
Cyprus[d]	29 Jan 2023	27,820,163	samples	644,160	2.3	3,223	74.4	[301]
Czechia	1 Feb 2023	22,544,928	samples	4,590,529	20.4	211	42.9	[302]
Denmark[e]	31 Jan 2023	67,682,707	samples	3,399,947	5.0	1,162	58.4	[303][304]
Djibouti	28 Apr 2022	305,941		15,631	5.1	33.2	1.7	[305]
Dominica	20 Jun 2022	209,803	cases	14,821	7.1	293	20.7	[306]
Dominican Republic	22 Jul 2022	3,574,665	samples	626,030	17.5	32.9	5.8	[307]
DR Congo	28 Feb 2021	124,838		25,961	20.8	0.14	0.029	[259][308]
Ecuador	23 Jul 2021	1,627,189	samples	480,720	29.5	9.5	2.8	[309]
Egypt	23 Jul 2021	3,137,519	samples	283,947	9.1	3.1	0.28	[259][310]
El Salvador	18 Mar 2022	1,847,861	samples	161,052	8.7	28.5	2.5	[311]
Equatorial Guinea	30 Jan 2023	403,773		17,113	4.2	30.8	1.3	[312]
Estonia	31 Jan 2023	3,637,908	samples	613,954	16.9	274	46.2	[313]
Eswatini	8 Dec 2021	415,110		49,253	11.9	36.5	4.3	[314]
Ethiopia	24 Jun 2021	2,981,185	samples	278,446	9.3	2.6	0.24	[315]
Faroe Islands	27 Feb 2022	774,000	samples	34,237	4.4	1,493	65.7	[316]
Fiji	2 Jan 2023	667,953	samples	68,848	10.3	74.5	7.7	[317]
Finland	14 Jan 2022	9,042,453	samples	371,135	4.1	163	6.7	[318]
France[f][g]	15 May 2022	272,417,258	samples	29,183,646	10.7	417	44.7	[319]
Gabon	23 Jul 2021	958,807	samples	25,325	2.6	3.1	0.082	[320]
Gambia	15 Feb 2021	43,217	samples	4,469	10.3	2.0	0.21	[321]
Georgia[h]	3 Nov 2021	4,888,787	samples	732,965	15.0	132	19.7	[322]
Germany	7 Jul 2021	65,247,345	samples	3,733,519	5.7	77.8	4.5	[323][324]
Ghana	3 Jul 2021	1,305,749	samples	96,708	7.4	4.2	0.31	[325]
Greece	18 Dec 2022	101,576,831	samples	5,548,487	5.5	943	51.5	[326]
Greenland	30 Jan 2022	164,573	samples	10,662	6.5	293	19.0	[327]
Grenada	11 May 2021	28,684		161	0.56	25.7	0.14	[328]
Guatemala	6 Jan 2023	6,800,560	samples	1,230,098	18.1	39.4	7.1	[329]
Guinea	21 Jul 2021	494,898	samples	24,878	5.0	3.8	0.19	[259][330]
Guinea-Bissau	7 Jul 2022	145,231		8,400	5.8	7.7	0.45	[331]
Guyana	15 Jun 2022	648,569	cases	66,129	10.2	82.5	8.4	[332]
Haiti	26 Nov 2022	223,475	cases	33,874	15.2	2.0	0.30	[333]
Honduras	26 Nov 2021	1,133,782	samples	377,859	33.3	11.8	3.9	[334]
Hungary	10 May 2022	11,394,556	samples	1,909,948	16.8	118	19.8	[335]
Iceland	9 Aug 2022	1,988,652	samples	203,162	10.2	546	55.8	[336]
India	8 Jul 2022	866,177,937	samples	43,585,554	5.0	63	31.7	[337][338]
Indonesia	3 Jul 2023	76,062,770	cases	6,812,127	9.0	28.2	2.5
Iran	31 May 2022	52,269,202	samples	7,232,268	13.8	62.8	8.7	[339]
Iraq	3 Aug 2022	19,090,652	samples	2,448,484	12.8	47.5	6.1	[340]
Ireland	31 Jan 2023	12,990,476	samples	1,700,817	13.1	264	34.6	[341]
Israel	17 Jan 2022	41,373,364	samples	1,792,137	4.3	451	19.5	[342]
Italy	16 Mar 2023	269,127,054	samples	25,651,205	9.5	446	42.5	[343]
Ivory Coast	3 Mar 2021	429,177	samples	33,285	7.8	1.6	0.13	[344]
Jamaica	30 Sep 2022	1,184,973	samples	151,931	12.8	43.5	5.6	[345]
Japan	1 Mar 2021	8,487,288		432,773	5.1	6.7	0.34	[346]
Jordan	6 Jun 2021	7,407,053	samples	739,847	10.0	69.5	6.9	[347]
Kazakhstan	28 May 2021	11,575,012	samples	385,144	3.3	62.1	2.1	[348]
Kenya	5 Mar 2021	1,322,806	samples	107,729	8.1	2.8	0.23	[349]
Kosovo	31 May 2021	611,357	cases	107,410	17.6	33.8	5.9	[350]
Kuwait	9 Mar 2022	7,754,247	samples	624,573	8.1	181	14.6	[351]
Kyrgyzstan	10 Feb 2021	695,415	samples	85,253	12.3	10.7	1.3	[352]
Laos	1 Mar 2021	114,030	cases	45	0.039	1.6	0.00063	[353]
Latvia	5 Sep 2021	3,630,095	samples	144,518	4.0	189	7.5	[354]
Lebanon	14 Jun 2021	4,599,186	samples	542,649	11.8	67.4	8.0	[355]
Lesotho	30 Mar 2022	431,221		32,910	7.6	21.5	1.6	[356]
Liberia	17 Jul 2021	128,246		5,396	4.2	2.5	0.11	[357]
Libya	14 Apr 2022	2,578,215	samples	501,862	19.5	37.6	7.3	[259][358]
Lithuania	31 Jan 2023	9,046,584	samples	1,170,108	12.9	324	41.9	[359][360]
Luxembourg[i]	12 May 2022	4,248,188	samples	244,182	5.7	679	39.0	[361]
Madagascar	19 Feb 2021	119,608	cases	19,831	16.6	0.46	0.076	[362]
Malawi	29 Nov 2022	624,784	samples	88,086	14.1	3.3	0.46	[363]
Malaysia	7 Sep 2021	23,705,425	cases	1,880,734	7.9	72.3	5.7	[364]
Maldives	13 Mar 2022	2,216,560	samples	174,658	7.9	398	31.3	[365][366]
Mali	7 Jul 2021	322,504	samples	14,449	4.5	1.6	0.071	[259][367]
Malta	8 Sep 2021	1,211,456	samples	36,606	3.0	245	7.4	[368]
Mauritania	16 Apr 2021	268,093		18,103	6.8	6.1	0.41	[369]
Mauritius	22 Nov 2020	289,552	samples	494	0.17	22.9	0.039	[370]
Mexico	15 Oct 2021	10,503,678	cases	3,749,860	35.7	8.2	2.9	[371]
Moldova[j]	20 Apr 2022	3,213,594	samples	516,864	16.1	122	19.6	[372]
Mongolia	10 Jul 2021	3,354,200	cases	136,053	4.1	100	4.1	[373]
Montenegro	10 May 2021	394,388	samples	98,449	25.0	62.5	15.6	[374][375]
Morocco	6 Jan 2023	14,217,563	cases	1,272,299	8.9	38.5	3.4	[376]
Mozambique	22 Jul 2021	688,570	samples	105,866	15.4	2.2	0.34	[377]
Myanmar	16 Sep 2021	4,047,680	samples	440,741	10.9	7.4	0.81	[378]
Namibia	4 Jul 2022	1,062,663	samples	166,229	15.6	38.7	6.1	[379]
Nepal	26 Jul 2022	5,804,358	samples	984,475	17.0	20.7	3.5	[380]
Netherlands	6 Jul 2021	14,526,293	cases	1,692,834	11.7	83.4	9.7	[381]
New Caledonia	3 Sep 2021	41,962	samples	136	0.32	15.7	0.050	[382]
New Zealand	29 Jan 2023	7,757,935	samples	2,136,662	27.5	156	42.9	[383][384]
Niger	22 Feb 2021	79,321	cases	4,740	6.0	0.35	0.021	[385]
Nigeria	28 Feb 2021	1,544,008	samples	155,657	10.1	0.75	0.076	[386]
North Korea	25 Nov 2020	16,914	cases	0	0	0.066	0	[387]
North Macedonia	1 Jul 2021	881,870	samples	155,689	17.7	42.5	7.5	[388][389]
Northern Cyprus[k]	12 Jul 2022	7,096,998	samples	103,034	1.5	2,177	31.6	[390]
Norway	20 Jan 2022	9,811,888	samples	554,778	5.7	183	10.3	[391]
Oman	28 Oct 2020	509,959	samples	114,434	22.4	11.0	2.5	[392]
Pakistan	5 Mar 2021	9,173,593	samples	588,728	6.4	4.2	0.27	[393]
Palestine	5 Feb 2022	3,078,533	samples	574,105	18.6	60.9	11.4	[394]
Panama	28 Jan 2023	7,475,016	samples	1,029,701	13.8	179	24.7	[395]
Papua New Guinea	17 Feb 2021	47,490	cases	961	2.0	0.53	0.011	[396]
Paraguay	27 Mar 2022	2,609,819	samples	647,950	24.8	36.6	9.1	[397]
Peru	17 Nov 2022	36,073,768	samples	4,177,786	11.6	109.9	12.7	[398]
Philippines	7 Jan 2023	34,402,980	samples	4,073,980	11.8	34.1	4.0	[399][400]
Poland	27 Apr 2022	36,064,311	samples	5,993,861	16.6	94.0	15.6	[401]
Portugal	5 Jan 2022	27,515,490	samples	1,499,976	5.5	268	14.6	[402]
Qatar	11 Nov 2022	4,061,988	cases	473,440	11.7	141	16.4	[403]
Romania	29 Jan 2021	5,405,393	samples	724,250	13.4	27.9	3.7	[404]
Russia	6 Jun 2022	295,542,733	samples	18,358,459	6.2	201	12.5	[405][406]
Rwanda	6 Oct 2021	2,885,812	samples	98,209	3.4	22.3	0.76	[407]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	26 Aug 2021	30,231	cases	995	3.3	57.6	1.9	[408]
Saint Lucia	7 Oct 2022	212,132	samples	29,550	13.9	116.6	16.2	[409]
Saint Vincent	28 Jan 2023	113,504	cases	9,585	8.4	103.0	8.7	[410]
San Marino	29 Jan 2023	192,613	samples	23,427	12.2	563	68.4	[411]
Saudi Arabia	26 Apr 2022	41,849,069	samples	753,632	1.8	120	2.2	[412]
Senegal	12 Jul 2021	624,502	samples	46,509	7.4	3.9	0.29	[413]
Serbia	2 Feb 2023	12,185,475	cases	2,473,599	20.3	175	35.5	[414]
Singapore	3 Aug 2021	16,206,203	samples	65,315	0.40	284	1.1	[415][416]
Slovakia	2 Feb 2023	7,391,882	samples	1,861,034	25.2	135	34.1	[417]
Slovenia	2 Feb 2023	2,826,117	samples	1,322,282	46.8